Background: Due to the high prevalence of domestic violence among women and more physical and psychological vulnerability during pregnancy, and thus, vulnerability to the growing fetus, there is an urgent need for accurate identification of these individuals. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between domestic violence and Maternal-fetal attachment. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 300 women with a gestational age of 20 to 40 weeks were selected randomly and categorically out of pregnant women covered by these centers. The data collection tool was a demographic questionnaire, a domestic violence questionnaire, and Maternal-fetal attachment questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the women was 28. 32 ± 5. 96 years; the mean number of years after the marriage was 7. 01 ± 4. 22 years, and the mean age of the spouse was 31. 37 ± 5. 93. The mean number of pregnancies was 1. 9 ± 1. 67. Further, 65. 7% of the women experienced mild violence, 19. 3% were under moderate violence, and 15. 1% under severe violence. The linear regression of the relationship between the total score of violence and the overall score of the attachment of the mothers was significant, while controlling some of their demographic characteristics (Pvalue < 0. 001). Conclusions: The exact knowledge of the effects of domestic violence on Maternal-fetal attachment can empower and inform health center staff effectively to diagnose and manage violence against pregnant women. In this way, they can focus more on Maternal and fetal emotional support and encouraging the pregnant women to adopt the right care.

Background and purpose: Nausea and vomiting occur in 50-90% of pregnancies. Maternal-fetal attachment plays an important role in accepting Maternal identity، the desired outcome of pregnancy، and the growth of child. This research was done to determine the relationship between pregnancy nausea and vomiting with Maternal-fetal attachment. Materials and methods: This Cross sectional study was carried out in 432 pregnant women at 13-20 weeks gestational age attending health care centers in Ahwaz، Iran 2016. Data was collected using the Rhodes Index of Nausea، Vomiting and Retching and the Cranley's Maternal-fetal Attachment Scale. Data analysis was done applying independent t-test and Chi-square test in SPSS 20. Results: In this study، the mean score for Maternal-fetal attachment in women with nausea and vomiting was higher (91. 38± 12. 122) than those without nausea (89. 70± 11. 56) which showed no significant difference between the two groups (P= 0. 141). But، there was a significant difference between the two groups in the scores for attributing characteristics to fetus 19. 96± 4. 17 (P=0. 17) and mother's self-sacrifice 20. 33± 2. 75 (P= 0. 38). Conclusion: Nausea and vomiting during pregnancy did not show any significant association with the overall score for Maternal-fetal attachment، but the aspects of Maternal-fetal attachment indicated a significant association with pregnancy nausea and vomiting. Women who had more pregnancy nausea and vomiting had lower self-sacrifice and higher rate of attributing characteristics to fetus.

Introduction: The Maternal perception of fetal movements at term has been used as an evaluative test of fetal wellbeing since the last 30 years, but there are different reports about its value. The aim of this study was evaluation of decreased fetal movement and relation to situation of fetus in uterus. It is significant that we understand the relationship between decreased fetal movement and increased fetal distress, heart deceleration and meconium. Methods: This study was carried out from 2000-2001 in Kerman Bahonar hospital. The method was a case control one with 100 cases and 100 controls. Cases and controls were selected from pregnant women entering active phase of labor or induction of labor for causes other than perception of decreased fetal movements. fetal heart rate was monitored in both groups during labor phase and also, color of amniotic fluid and meconium during rupture of membrane was recorded. Type of delivery, Apgar scores at minute 1 and 5, mortality and morbidity were compared in both groups. In this study, amniotic fluid volume was a significant variable that was paid special attention. Results: After analysis , there was a significant relationship between decreased fetal movement and many variables, for example, gravidity , deceleration of fetal heart , 1st & 5th minutes apgar score, fetal mortality, type of delivery , amniotic fluid volume and meconium staining . Conclusion: We can conclude that decreased fetal movement is a significant factor in evaluation of fetal well being in near-term ante partum cases.

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is not only a major medical problem but also a social and economic problem. According to the results of some studies, Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and labor may play a role in premature rupture of membranes by mechanism of inflammation in the placenta. Considering to the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lack of knowledge about of the determinants of premature rupture of membranes, this study was performed with aim to investigate the relationship between Maternal vitamin D levels with premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This case-control study was performed on 200 pregnant women with gestational age of 28-41 weeks who referred to Ardabil Alavi Hospital in 2018. 100 pregnant women with premature rupture of membranes were selected as the case group and 100 pregnant women without rupture of membranes as the control group. Blood samples were taken from both groups to measure serum levels of 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D. Demographic information, laboratory data, history and type of Maternal delivery were collected. Data was analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and Chi-Square and T-tests. P<0/05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Serum level of vitamin D in the case group was 22/73 ± 11/87 nanomoles per liter and in the control group was 25/16 ± 12/48 nanomoles per liter; the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (p=0/09). Conclusion: There was no association between Maternal vitamin D levels and premature rupture of membranes. Further research with a larger number of samples and complete control of the intervention agents is needed to investigate the relationship between Maternal vitamin D levels and the occurrence of premature rupture of membranes.